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More Small Cap Value Thoughts

More Small Cap Value Thoughts

thinkpad12
thinkpad12 777 XP · · 20 replies

I have flip flopped back and forth pretty bad on small cap value. You can see my previous post on it.

I thought of a different angle to it. If I were to tilt my portfolio outside of VTI and VXUS I would at most do 30% in small cap value / factor tilts. Let's say I get and extra 1% to 2% return on that 30% tilt. I would basically be adding 0.3% to 0.6% more to my returns. Not to mention most of these fund typically charge 0.3% to 0.4% expense ratios, like DFSV, AVUV, AVDV, etc. if you are effectively paying ~30 basis points more to get 1% extra return the math gets even tighter.

This just feels like a lot of work to maybe add less than a percentage point to my returns.

I just don't think that adding these super specific funds are really what make or break your FI journey. I think living below yours means and enjoying the journey along the way is the best way to go. I think the factor style of investing is genuinely interesting, but if there is any more outperformance left in it I doubt it will be anything more than 1% or 2%.

I believe small cap value will roughly track the S&P 500 and be more volatile and offer a similar total return. If had to bet my money on it I think small cap value will outperform while the CAPE is high and underperform when the CAPE comes back down.

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Replies (20)

vagrant1

vagrant1

334 XP

2 months ago

I'm strictly in VOO.

What convinced me? Well, if your small caps become mega caps someday they'll be kicked OUT of the small cap fund! Stay invested in the S&P 500 and you're guaranteed to have the 500 biggest and best winners than can grow to perpetuity….with only the LAGGARDS being kicked out! The top WINNERS never are.

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

2 months ago

I have always thought of that winners selection bias sort of thing for VOO. I ultimately did settle on VTI and VXUS.

The conclusion that I came to was I would only tilt my portfolio 30% to these factor funds. Even if I got a 2% out performance, and there is no guarantee of that, it would only equate to an extra 0.6% alpha overall.

Too much headache for something that MIGHT happen

djcanu

djcanu

69 XP

3 months ago

Small caps and MOST mid caps are a drag on your portfolio. Just stick to VOO.

Three pieces of legislation reshaped the economics of being a publicly traded company:

Reg FD (2000) ended selective disclosure to analysts. Small companies lost the institutional coverage that drove their liquidity.

Sarbanes-Oxley (2002) imposed compliance costs that scale with corporate complexity, not market cap. The fixed cost of being public became prohibitive for smaller firms.

Dodd-Frank (2010) added layers of reporting that compounded the burden.

The cumulative effect was straightforward: being a public company became expensive, restrictive, and litigated. At the same time, private equity and late-stage venture capital became flush with capital. Companies that would have IPO’d in 1995 now stay private for a decade longer — sometimes forever.

The growth engine moved off-exchange. The result 42% of all Russell 2k companies are unprofitable.

Small caps are where large caps go to die. All this changed after the GFC. the market is different. JL's great advice of VTI worked pre GFC because the structure of the market was different.

Now small caps are waste of your allocation. just stick to VOO. or factor funds.

Cheers - Daniel

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

2 weeks ago

After a fair bit of research I came to the same conclusion. The value premium is there on paper. There was an insane run for SCV from the 1920s to the 1980s or so. however, now it usually underperforms US large cap. Some proponents will say it outperformed during the 2000s. Sure it did, but then got crushed by large caps the next 15 years.

Could SCV perform better? Yes. But there is just as real, and more likely probability, that it underperforms and drags. I am 80% VTI/SP500 (some accounts like 401(k) are not identical) and 20% international. No bonds for me at such a young age, 28.

Matt_

Matt_

341 XP

4 months ago

VT and chill. Worst thing you can do is constantly waffle, changing your mind and allocation.

hughbrooks

hughbrooks

308 XP

4 months ago

The back and forth about SCV in this thread is definitely interesting intellectually. I understand both (or all) sides of the debate. Ultimately, I see a conscious decision for or against is defensible for the reasons discussed here and in the link provided to the Ben Felix Interview. I personally lean away from adding SCV, partly because I’m already retired and don’t feel like waiting around to see SCV eventually prove its mettle in the specific conditions that will allow that to happen.

The lost decade immunization concept is compelling, but for that kind of risk I just prefer the hedge of international diversification, as that strikes me as having a higher likelihood of continuing to pay off over recurring historical periods that I’m going to see in my remaining years on this planet.

That’s just me. Merrimen correctly characterizes long stretches of SCV underperformance not as a failure but as payment of a risk premium. But he has also pivoted to occasionally articulating the more modest recommendation of a 10% tilt mentioned in the book 2 Funds For Life. The recommendation recognizes the advantage of the tilt , but for me it introduces the diminishing returns argument that spawned the post that started this thread.

Honestly, if I were a young, beginning investor my risk/reward analysis on this issue would probably be different. But now that my VT growth engine allocation of 65% is gong to shoulder the heavy lifting over a time span of 20 to maybe 30 years, I’m inclined to sit back and appreciate SCV as academically valid, even though I won’t directly participate.

BostonFI

BostonFI

6,081 XP

4 months ago

The previous thread on this is here for other readers’ reference. I just want to mention here that reported returns are inclusive of expense ratio. You seem to be subtracting expense ratio from returns which is incorrect.

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

4 months ago

I am saying that if an ETF goes up 10% in a year, but has a 0.3% expense ratio like DFSV then the return would be (1 + 0.1) x (1 - 0.003) - 1 = 9.67% return when factoring in the expense ratio.

My point was that you tilt 30% of your portfolio and get and extra 1% to 2% you are only adding an extra 0.3% to 0.6% go the entire portfolio.

That's certainly good, but I don't see may people tilting 50% or more. If the small cap value funds underperform it goes the other way. If they underperform by 1% to 2% they drag down the return by 0.3% to 0.6%

BostonFI

BostonFI

6,081 XP

4 months ago

If a fund reports a 10% return, its expense ratio has already been subtracted before the return was reported. It’s already baked in.

You don’t need to invest in SCV to be successful. You’ll reach FI without it, but I think you misunderstand why one might choose to invest in it. Why do you choose to invest in VXUS? I imagine it’s because in some years VTI underperforms VXUS and you’re hedging your bets. By holding both, you benefit from the years when either outperforms the other. The same reasoning applies to SCV or REITs or long bonds or any other asset class you might hold for diversification.

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

4 months ago

I see where you are coming from in terms of diversification, however how is U.S. small cap value a diversification play? I ask this because it essentially tracks the S&P 500 / U.S. Total market and is much more volatile. Small cap value just looks like the more volatile version of U.S. large cap. If they track each other that doesn't feel like diversification.

BostonFI

BostonFI

6,081 XP

4 months ago

SCV doesn't track the S&P500 index or US total market index (these are both classified as LCB). SCV stocks are companies that are small or mid-sized in terms of market capitalization and they are priced cheaply considering their assets and earnings. They're a good "value". The companies that dominate LCB funds have the opposite characteristics; their market cap is very large and their shares are priced more expensively compared to their assets or earnings.

Despite its significant difference from LCB, SCV does have similar returns to LCB over time and this makes SCV an appealing diversifier to LCB. See the data table I linked to above. As Joe mentions in his comment, look especially at the 2000s decade—for 9 out of 10 years, SCV outperformed LCB. 2022 was an awful year for the market. The US total market was down 18% that year but SCV was down only 4%.

So why does SCV outperform LCB sometimes if the returns are similar? This is because SCV and LCB each perform well under different economic conditions. SCV outperforms LCB during rising inflation and falling interest rates. LCB outperforms SCV in the opposite economic conditions. When you diversify, you're trying to create cover for the full range of possible economic conditions.

As I mentioned though, you'll still succeed without investing in SCV. It isn't a necessary component to achieve FI.

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

4 months ago

You are flat out wrong that SCV doesn't track the broad U.S. market. A fund like DFSV has a beta of 1.05 meaning it is 5% more volatile.

The exact same can be said about another popular fund, AVUV. It also has a beta of 1.05.

Avantis US Small Cap Value ETF \(AVUV\) Stock Price, News, Quote & History - Yahoo Finance

They literally are 5% more volatile and track the broad market.

BostonFI

BostonFI

6,081 XP

4 months ago

I think we are using the term "track" differently. What do you mean when you say SCV tracks the S&P500 or the US Total Market? Do you mean similar returns? Correlation? Do you mean specifically beta? Beta is a measure of volatility relative to the total market. Do you mean SCV has slightly higher volatility than the overall market? I agree SCV is more volatile than the total market, but volatility isn't a negative.

When I say SCV doesn't track the S&P500 index or the US Total Market index, I mean it is not designed to mirror those indices as benchmarks. SCV has its own, different indices and SCV funds track those indices.

The companies in SCV indices have very different characteristics in terms of market capitalization and pricing than the companies in S&P500 or US Total Market indices. These differences mean funds that track SCV indices tend to respond differently to prevailing economic conditions than funds that track S&P500 or US Total Market indices.

roberto -

roberto -

3,671 XP

4 months ago

I had a similar thought about the different meanings of "track" as I read this discussion thread. It is probably accurate to say exactly what you said, adding only that there is a high degree of correlation involved between S&P500, total US market, and small cap value.

JoeQ17

JoeQ17

2,235 XP

4 months ago

They don’t track each other. S&P 500 is the 500 largest companies. Small cap value (depending on the fund) may be 500-800 small companies that aren’t in the S&P and being value tilt they are less expensive price to earnings. Check out the recent bigger pockets episode to learn

JoeQ17

JoeQ17

2,235 XP

4 months ago

give another take, look back at the 2000s decade where market was flat but small cap value was still up 9% annual (see testfolio link; as small cap value is diversified from large cap growth). Now none of us have crystal balls to say what asset class will perform best but having some weight to small cap value has a possible advantage. What’s more, specifically for those approaching retirement, having diversified equity split (LCG and SCV) can be very advantageous (see risk parity radio).

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

4 months ago

Who knows if it still exists? That's not my point. My point is how much are people actually going to tilt a portfolio into small cap value? You need to tilt pretty heavy for it to actually add anything. For example someone buying 10% small cap value doesn't really move the needle in comparison to the other 90% of the portfolio.

An outperformance on 10% of a portfolio only adds a small amount.

Anyone I have met who buys small cap value has a small tilt of 5% to 20%

roberto -

roberto -

3,671 XP

4 months ago

And the counterpoint to the idea of the small cap value premium is that by now it has been exhausted, which is to say that it is perfectly priced into the market and essentially no longer exploitable as an investing factor. Granted, this relies on the efficient market hypothesis and it also is not something that will be known with any certainty until 10 or 20 years into the future.

thinkpad12

thinkpad12

751 XP

4 months ago

My point is more so about how hard you have to tilt the portfolio for it to matter. If you are only tilting 10% or 20% to these SCV value funds the possible outsized performance doesn't add a ton to the total return of the portfolio. If you want to do that great. I have no problem with it, but I have come to the conclusion that I don't want to tilt my portfolio 50% into something that might outperform the market.

BostonFI

BostonFI

6,081 XP

4 months ago

A common rule-of-thumb for those who choose to invest in value funds is to make value half of the equity position.

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